Financial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Monetary Accounting - Essay Example In 2003, the Financial Reporting Council embraced a joined code of two reports, one of which secured the non-official director’s job and how they ought to apportion their obligations in a moral manner, while the other gave rules on the lead of review boards of trustees. With time, different corrections have been made on the 2003 Combined Report, and in 2010, the Financial Reporting Council received the UK Code on Corporate Governance that gives the rules on how the recorded organizations in the London Stock Exchange should behave while speaking to their investors. This paper targets examining the ideas contained in the implicit rules received on 29th June 2010, while giving a unique spotlight on the obligations and duties of Non-official executives, alluding to the 2003 and the 2010 renditions of The Code of Conduct. Non-official chiefs of an organization don't participate in the official work of the group and are not part of the representatives of the organization (Walter and Shilling 2009, p. 25-28). The Governance Code obliges the chiefs to stick to the budgetary revealing gauges while speaking to their organizations, and show responsibility and reasonability while doing this (Hamill et al. 2010, p. 56-59). The method of detailing as laid out in the set of principles requires the organization to state how it viably applies the supporting standards and the arrangements, expressing whether they agree to the arrangements in the set of principles or not (Ryan, 2004, p. 16). The code isolates the obligations of the administrator with those of the CEO, and gives the proper proportion of the non-official chiefs and who ought to be fused in the board panels. Organizations must be going by a Board of Directors, who administers the general activities of the organization, holding them obligated for any distortion of the speculators, and the misfortunes that may in this way happen in such an occasion. As indicated by Halbert and Ingulli (2011, p. 30), the chiefs of a

Process Design Matrix and Summary Essay Example for Free

Procedure Design Matrix and Summary Essay This procedure plan lattice and official outline will concentrate on Chapman Tool and Manufacturing and there execution estimation process. This official synopsis is required for Chapman Manufacturing because of their absence of procedure execution the board that will incorporate assistance draws near, that comprise of creation line, self-administration, and individual consideration draws near. This synopsis will likewise cover item approaches for their procedure execution estimations that comprise of, clump sequential construction system and persistent stream draws near. This official outline of procedure execution estimation will quantitatively disclose to Chapman Manufacturing something significant about their items, administrations, and any of the procedures that produce them. To finish up this outline, this apparatus will help Chapman Manufacturing comprehend, oversee, and improve the company’s forms. To start, the main assistance approach for Chapman’s process execution the executives comprise of creation line way to deal with improve the company’s execution proficiently and successfully. â€Å"Performance the board implies tending to all exhibition issues, which means criticism for execution that isn't adequate with technique just as adulating workers for a vocation well done.† (Mayhew, R. 2013) Chapman begins with every representative getting their exhibition record that incorporates their consistency, viability, and proficiency for their advancement for progress and advancements. These presentation estimations, that incorporates their 10-15 machines of creation line draws near. There will be a determination on running their machine to run flawless parts or to cause changes however along these lines they to have it recorded and roll out the improvements varying. The subsequent help approach for the procedure execution estimation plan comprises of, a self-administration approach. Chapman Tool and Manufacturing will execute EMC2 counseling administrations with HR and afterward the executives to guarantee that each action gives significant worth. (EMC2, 2013). At Chapman there are a lotâ of divided procedures that can be dodged so monetarily and HR are not depleted and reduce any odds of staying aware of changing markets and client request. There are self-administration approaches in this change for the procedure execution the executives plan for each representative (machine administrators etc†¦) that incorporate, â€Å"Streamline procedures to speed up new item presentation, Standardize, coordinate, and improve existing procedures, Structure and execute new procedures, Recreate and model procedures for administrators, Characterize process metric and execution the executives strategies.†(EMC2 , 2013). The third help approaches for the procedure execution the executives plan comprise of individual consideration approach. Chapman should actualize the individual consideration approach that will incorporate explicit abilities that will best be resolved through an occupation examination process. Capabilities that will be remembered for this individual consideration work investigation approach will comprise of, Accountability and steadfastness Adaptability and adaptability Supporting causes Investigation and thinking Tender loving care Business arrangement Training and coaching Imaginative and creative reasoning Client center Dynamic and judgment These competency capacities are to decide each employee’s execution record and reported with helpful analysis and recognition to getting fruitful with and for the organization. Chapman likewise needs to actualize item approaches for their procedure execution the board plan. The main item approach that will be actualized is known as a clump approach. A bunch approach can be known as a lean assembling process likewise and focus’s on request based stream producing. â€Å"This kind of creation setting, stock is gotten through every creation community when it isâ needed to meet creation arranges; this will convey the advantages of, Decreased process duration Less stock Expanded profitability Expanded capital hardware utilization.† (Wiki, 2013) The subsequent item approach for Chapman’s process execution the executives plans comprise of, mechanical production system approach. By Chapman executing the mechanical production system approach, will keep all administrators on the same wavelength and get item sent to the following office for the gathering of the item being assembled. At that point at last are sent to the last office to be reviewed and dispatched. Having various divisions for the procedures of the item, and having a sequential construction system approach for each progression will keep the company’s association on line for their presentation the board. The third item approach for Chapman’s process execution the board plans comprise of, a consistent stream approach. The nonstop stream approach are executed through the â€Å"lean building blocks†, as, â€Å"Five S: Aims to bring deliberateness, neatness , and tidiness to tasks , Visual controls: All tooling parts and other creation exerci ses are kept plainly in view to assist everybody with understanding the status of the procedure initially. Poka-Yoke: Mistake Proofing. Procedure plans can be altered to commit it almost incomprehensible for errors, spills, spills, and different procedure upsets to happen. By actualizing these methods and others will maintain the persistent stream approach for the procedure execution the executives plan for Chapman Manufacturing. All in all, the procedure structure grid and official rundown was centered around Chapman Tool and Manufacturing and what their exhibition estimation process involved. The official synopsis was required for Chapman Manufacturing because of their absence of procedure execution the executives that was remembered for these administration moves toward that comprised of creation line, self-administration, and individual consideration draws near. The outline likewise secured item approaches for their procedure execution estimations that comprised of, bunch, sequential construction system, and persistent stream draws near. The official outline that involved their procedure execution estimations will quantitatively reveal to Chapman Manufacturing something significant about their items, administrations, and any of the procedures thatâ produced them. To finish up this outline, this apparatus will guarantee that Chapman Manufacturing comprehends, oversees, and improves the company’s forms for their future business and benefits. References EMC2, (2013). Business process the executives. Recovered on January 2, 2013 from http://www.emc.com/counseling administrations/application/mastery/business-process-the executives bpm.htm Lean Manufacturing (2013). Wikipedia. Recovered on January 2, 2013 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturing Mayhew, R. (2013). Improvement of a representative execution plan. Recovered on January 3, 2013 from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advancement worker execution plan-1942.html

5 Things You Have To Do Now That The SAT Is Over

5 Things You Have To Do Now That The SAT Is Over 5 Things You Have To Do Now That The SAT Is Over 5 Things You Have To Do Now That The SAT Is Over Your second to last chance to take the SAT before the end of the school year is this Saturday and you are prepared. In fact, you may be SO prepared for the SAT that it’s all you’ve been thinking about. Well, that and season 2 of Dark. But after you color in that final circle, you may feel the standard bout of end-of-year ennui setting in. The major exams are over. You’re watching a movie in almost every class. How can you prevent yourself from slipping into a deep mental sleep until summer? You jump on some exciting opportunities to move your college application forward! Believe it or not, there’s more you can do now that just taking tests. 1. Work on Your Activity Resume The Common App is going to ask you for a description of up to 10 of your most important activities, from clubs to volunteering, and many schools will also give you the opportunity to submit an extended resume with a more detailed description of each activity. Now is a great time to begin to compile this list in a way that you can easily transfer to the Common App and expand on for specific schools. Information you’ll definitely want to note includes: (1) the grades in which you did each  activity, (2) hours per week, (3) weeks per year, (4) key accomplishments and responsibilities you fulfilled. The Common App has already made this section available to this years applicants, so you can even start filling in the real thing! That said, we recommend laying everything out in a separate document first, since it’s easier to make edits and tweaks on Word than on the Common App platform. 2. Ask for Recommendations You may be the most memorable person alive, but that doesn’t mean your teachers won’t actively try to forget you during their three month break this summer. Start talking to potential recommenders now as a way to strengthen your relationship going into the summer. Plus, asking them now will give them plenty of time to write you a nice and detailed letter while they still remember your junior year accomplishments. 3. Go on Campus Visits Okay, so not everyone has time to drive five hours or hop on a plane for a weekend jaunt to their dream school. Now is still a great time to get used to the process of touring campuses and gathering information. Do you live close to a college, any college? Consider hopping on a tour one Saturday morning just to see what it’s like. Or, if you’d prefer to start the process from the comfort of your couch, spend some quality time on the websites of schools that interest you. You prooooobably already know how to use the internet, but in case you need a little help starting your virtual tour, we made you a video tutorial. 4. Review the Common App and Coalition Prompts (and then forget them) The two major application platforms for this year (the Common App and the Coalition) have already released their essay prompts. So, read them over, read our guides, and then put them away. It’s advantageous to familiarize yourself with the kinds of questions you will need to answer, but no need to marry yourself to a particular prompt right now. Get excited for all of the experiences you’re going to have over the summer. Almost any story you want to tell has a perfect prompt match. 5. Immerse Yourself in the Process Prep yourself for the essay-writing process in the best way we can think of: by binge watching College Essay Academy. You’re already watching a movie in every class, why not fill your brain with everything you need to know about the college essay plus a few random cat jokes? About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth » Ready to start your college essay? We're here to help. GIVE US A RING »

love Essay - 785 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Love (l v) n. deep, tender, ineffable feeling of affection and solicitude toward a person, such as that arising from kinship, recognition of attractive qualities, or a sense of underlying oneness. A feeling of intense desire and attraction toward a person with whom one is disposed to make a pair; the emotion of sex and romance. (Websters Revised Unabridged Dictionary,  © 1996, 1998 MICRA, Inc). There are many different definitions of love. To each person it is different, but most agree it is one of the most important emotions to the each creature on this earth. There are also many different forms of love. For instance, love for your family versus love for a mate. It is still a mystery to most people†¦show more content†¦6. Agapic love: the altruistic devotion of one partner for the other. Many people have theories, but overall love is whatever the actual individual perceives it to be. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through the ages, thinkers and writers have attempted to solve the mystery of love. Myths, poetry and novels have the longest history of recording the idea of love. For example, the Sumerian and Babylonian epic of Gilgamesh goes back to 2000 BC, Egyptian love poetry was written on papyri and vases between 1300 and 1100 BC, and Chinese folk love songs were first documented between 1000 BC and 700 BC. Countless philosophers, from Plato to Martin Luther, from Kierkegaard and Nietzsche to Santayana and Sartre have also devoted their writings to conceptualizing love. Freud looks at love from the perspective of the sexual drive. According to him, love as well as sexuality is rooted in infancy (Freud, 1905). A persons first love object is the mother. The mothers breast provides the infant not only with nourishment but also a source of sexual pleasure which he will later on seek from his adult lover. (For girls, the object of love somehow later becomes the father. Freud views adult love and sexuality as an extension (or rediscovery) of their infantile forms. Believing that self-expansion is a basic motivation for human behavior, Aron and Aron (1986) state that people are attracted toShow MoreRelatedThe Love Of Love And Love1732 Words   |  7 Pagesstill today, love is one of the most talked about topics, from the media to our everyday lives. It is described as being one of the best feelings on earth, and one that many cannot live without. Being in love gives a feeling of purpose; something to live and strive for. Everyone in this world desires love in any form, whether it is with family, friends, or a romantic partner. It is a basic human need. Basic needs are said to motivate people when they are essentially unmet. When love an d affectionRead MoreLove And Love : My Love Of Love724 Words   |  3 Pagesthis did not stop me, and I continued my kindergarten career chasing after a boy in my class, making him hold my hand every time we went to recess. Alas, this crush continued until middle school, and I will always remember this boy as my first-first love at sight. Despite the infatuation my six year old self found herself in, there laid a sort of mystery around girls. It was not until I was in sixth grade when I started developing an inclining around the other girls I spent a majority of my time withRead MoreLove : A Kind Of Love1671 Words   |  7 Pages Intro to lit. 125 A Kind of Love Love is eternal. The boundary of love is not defined yet and can never be defined. Love has created a wonderful cities and has also destroyed the wonderland. Some classify love as something that you feel for some people sometimes. It is often linked or used interchangeably with lust. Others feel that it is something that is constant and untouched by judgement and feeling. The true eternal love is hard to find in this world and few lucky peopleRead MoreLove : Love And Relationships Essay1213 Words   |  5 PagesLove and relationships Love is a significant aspect in people’s lives that requires commitment and attention. Despite the many assumptions on love, it is important to understand that happiness in love comes from sharing not only the good but also the bad. In order to have a successful relationship, there is need to understand that love requires sacrifices as well as endeavoring to cultivate love for mutual benefit. If true love existed in the world, there would be no need for divorce. EveryoneRead MoreLove And War And Love1513 Words   |  7 Pageswar and love. They also have their own opinions on a way to go about these things. These two subjects seem to be completely opposite of each other, but they still manage to tie in together. They might not be the same thing but in certain scenarios they can be viewed as the same thing. For example, in some situations love can be considered the same as war. However, love and war can contradict themselves at the same time to. Sometimes, love can bring war, but war can also lead people to love. It allRead MoreFriendship, Love, And Love1401 Words   |  6 PagesFriendship and romantic love are two of the most fundamental relationships that human beings engage in. As social animals, most humans are naturally drawn to form bonds of affection with other people. Both friendship and love, however, are difficult to fully define and conceptualize. The fundamental meaning of each has changed throughout the course of human history a nd appears in different forms among different cultures. Modern interpretations of friendship and love will guide this explication, asRead MoreLove : The Nature Of Love1912 Words   |  8 PagesThe Nature of Love in Till We Have Faces The concept of love is a varying, odd and often fleeting thing. It is one of the single things in this world that almost every person might have a different definition for. People have even created different languages in which to give and receive love so we might understand and better love one another, to which everyone s is different. Over time the definition of love has changed - yes it may always have stayed the same in the dictionary, but the perceptionRead MoreLove Is A Feeling Of Love1206 Words   |  5 Pagesare born to love. Love can be defined in an infinite amount of words, terms and definitions. More important than the definition itself is the actual act of love. Love is profound and we as humans encounter love at every, albeit different stages of our lives. For most individuals, we experience love as early on as birth, our first memories of love are generally between three and five years of age, whether that memory is being tucked in by a parent or relative, or a kiss g oodnight. Love is a feelingRead MoreLove Is The Type Of Love990 Words   |  4 PagesLove, a combination of strong emotions, concerns, and desires one feels for another human being. It could be shown by ones behavior and sexual attraction towards the person whom they love. There are many facets of love that was described within the text such as passionate, unrequited, companionate, consummate love and many others. The love type of relationship that I would be focusing on is an intimate partner kind of love. According to Sternberg, the ideal kind of love which consist of intimacyRead MoreLove1186 Words   |  5 Pagesis the theme of love. Philia, Eros, and Agape are the three types of love present in the play and are what represent the theme of love. These three types of love, Philia, Eros, and Agape are expressed by the different characters in the play. The expression of the theme of love in the play is not just there by accident; William Shakespeare put it in this comedic and romantic play with a purpose. Philia is one of the three kinds of love expressed in the play. The type of love that Philia represents

A Brief Note On Hazardous Chemical Research Paper

Ben Warner pd. 6 Hazardous Chemical research paper Our society runs on oil. It powers our cars, planes and trains, it’s used to build our workplaces and homes, even forming the plastics of our children’s toys, cell phones, and even the very laptop that this essay was typed on. But, oil is not an unlimited resource. As our society’s needs for oil keep growing and growing, the need for more of this oil to be extracted from the earth also increases, leading to new and complex ways of extracting oil. Fracking, tar sand extraction, and offshore oil rigs are all technologies developed solely to fuel our society’s ever-growing demand for petroleum products. However, sometimes the pressure of demand is so strong on the developers of these methods†¦show more content†¦The Deepwater Horizon oil spill, often simply called the BP spill, released an estimated 168 million gallons of crude oil and natural gas into the Gulf of Mexico (EPA), which caused near-irreparable harm to t he ecosystems and organisms around it. In addition, the entire incident could have been prevented had basic safety measures been taken during the rig’s construction. Science was applied to the creation of the rig and the extraction of the oil from the seafloor in many ways, including many alleged safety measures to prevent an ecological disaster such as the one that occurred. First, some background on oil rigs. An oil rig is a buoyant platform connected to the ocean floor by many anchors, and a drill pipe, a long shaft within a shaft that rotates, drilling down through the bedrock layer to extract crude oil and natural gases (Popular Mechanics). An additional mechanism to the rig is the blow out preventer, or BOP, (pictured above) directly above the ocean floor. This machinery is used to prevent any uncontrolled surges of oil from reaching the surface and becoming a potential hazard (Chemical Safety Board). The blow out preventer is made of 3 parts: annular preventers, pipe r ams, and blind shear rams. Pipe rams are large rubber rings that can close around the drill shaft to prevent the flow of oil in the outer pipe, called the annular space (shown above), which carries water and a mixture called drill mud down towards the drilling site

Isp †Internet Service Provider Free Essays

Internet service provider * ISP (Internet service provider) * Regional ISPs provide Internet access to a specific geographical area * National ISPs provide Internet access in cities and towns nationwide * Online service provider (OSP) * Has many members-only features * Popular OSPs include AOL (America Online) and MSN (Microsoft Network) * Wireless Internet service provider (WISP) * Provides wireless Internet access to computers and mobile devices * May require a wireless modem An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides access to the Internet. Access ISPs directly connect customers to the Internet using copper wires, wireless or fiber-optic connections. [1] Hosting ISPs lease server space for smaller businesses and host other people servers (colocation). We will write a custom essay sample on Isp – Internet Service Provider or any similar topic only for you Order Now Transit ISPs provide large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs to access ISPs. [2] Internet connectivity options from end-user to Tier 3/2 ISPs * | History The Internet started off as a closed network between government research laboratories and relevant parts of universities. As it became more popular, universities and colleges started giving more of their members access to it. As a result of its popularity, commercial Internet service providers sprang up to offer access to the Internet to anyone willing to pay for the service, mainly to those who missed their university accounts. In 1990, Brookline, Massachusetts-based The World became the first commercial ISP. [3] Access provider ISPs employ a range of technologies to enable consumers to connect to their network. For users and small businesses, traditional options include: dial-up, DSL (typically Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, ADSL), broadband wireless, cable modem, fiber to the premises (FTTH), and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface). For customers with more demanding requirements, such as medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs, DSL (often Single-Pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line or ADSL), Ethernet, Metropolythian Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ISDN (B. R. I. or P. R. I. ), ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and upload satellite Internet access. Sync-optical cabling (SONET) are more likely to be used. [citation needed] Typical home user connectivity * Broadband wireless access * Cable Internet * Dial-up * ISDN * Modem * DSL * FTTH * Wi-Fi Business-type connection: * DSL * Metro Ethernet technology * Leased line * SHDSL Locality When using a dial-up or ISDN connection method, the ISP cannot determine the caller’s physical location to more detail than using the number transmitted using an appropriate form of Caller ID; it is entirely possible to e. g. connect to an ISP located in Mexico from the USA. Other means of connection such as cable or DSL require a fixed registered connection node, usually associated at the ISP with a physical address. Mailbox provider A company or organization that provides email mailbox hosting services for end users and/or organizations. Many Mailbox Providers are also Access Providers. Hosting ISPs Hosting ISPs routinely provide email, FTP, and web-hosting services. Other services include virtual machines, clouds, or entire physical servers where customers can run their own custom software. Transit ISPs Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP and/or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to. In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a Tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with more than one point of presence (PoP) may have separate connections to an upstream ISP at multiple PoPs, or they may be customers of multiple upstream ISPs and may have connections to each one of them at one or more point of presence. Peering Main article: Peering ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP. ISPs requiring no upstream and having only customers (end customers and/or peer ISPs) are called Tier 1 ISPs. Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible. Derivatives The following are not a different type of the above ISPs, rather they are derivatives of the 3 core ISP types. A VISP is reselling either access or hosting services. Free ISPs are similar, but they just have a different revenue model. Virtual ISP Main article: Virtual ISP A Virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation which purchases services from another ISP (sometimes called a â€Å"wholesale ISP† in this context)[4] which allow the VISP’s customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. Free ISP Free ISPs are Internet Service Providers (ISPs) which provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the users’ attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, often called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usually with volunteer staff. Related services * Broadband Internet access * Fixed wireless access * Cable * Triple play * Internet hosting service * Web hosting service * E-mail hosting service * DNS hosting service * Dynamic DNS How to cite Isp – Internet Service Provider, Papers

Isp †Internet Service Provider Free Essays

Internet service provider * ISP (Internet service provider) * Regional ISPs provide Internet access to a specific geographical area * National ISPs provide Internet access in cities and towns nationwide * Online service provider (OSP) * Has many members-only features * Popular OSPs include AOL (America Online) and MSN (Microsoft Network) * Wireless Internet service provider (WISP) * Provides wireless Internet access to computers and mobile devices * May require a wireless modem An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides access to the Internet. Access ISPs directly connect customers to the Internet using copper wires, wireless or fiber-optic connections. [1] Hosting ISPs lease server space for smaller businesses and host other people servers (colocation). We will write a custom essay sample on Isp – Internet Service Provider or any similar topic only for you Order Now Transit ISPs provide large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs to access ISPs. [2] Internet connectivity options from end-user to Tier 3/2 ISPs * | History The Internet started off as a closed network between government research laboratories and relevant parts of universities. As it became more popular, universities and colleges started giving more of their members access to it. As a result of its popularity, commercial Internet service providers sprang up to offer access to the Internet to anyone willing to pay for the service, mainly to those who missed their university accounts. In 1990, Brookline, Massachusetts-based The World became the first commercial ISP. [3] Access provider ISPs employ a range of technologies to enable consumers to connect to their network. For users and small businesses, traditional options include: dial-up, DSL (typically Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, ADSL), broadband wireless, cable modem, fiber to the premises (FTTH), and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface). For customers with more demanding requirements, such as medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs, DSL (often Single-Pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line or ADSL), Ethernet, Metropolythian Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ISDN (B. R. I. or P. R. I. ), ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and upload satellite Internet access. Sync-optical cabling (SONET) are more likely to be used. [citation needed] Typical home user connectivity * Broadband wireless access * Cable Internet * Dial-up * ISDN * Modem * DSL * FTTH * Wi-Fi Business-type connection: * DSL * Metro Ethernet technology * Leased line * SHDSL Locality When using a dial-up or ISDN connection method, the ISP cannot determine the caller’s physical location to more detail than using the number transmitted using an appropriate form of Caller ID; it is entirely possible to e. g. connect to an ISP located in Mexico from the USA. Other means of connection such as cable or DSL require a fixed registered connection node, usually associated at the ISP with a physical address. Mailbox provider A company or organization that provides email mailbox hosting services for end users and/or organizations. Many Mailbox Providers are also Access Providers. Hosting ISPs Hosting ISPs routinely provide email, FTP, and web-hosting services. Other services include virtual machines, clouds, or entire physical servers where customers can run their own custom software. Transit ISPs Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP and/or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to. In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a Tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with more than one point of presence (PoP) may have separate connections to an upstream ISP at multiple PoPs, or they may be customers of multiple upstream ISPs and may have connections to each one of them at one or more point of presence. Peering Main article: Peering ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP. ISPs requiring no upstream and having only customers (end customers and/or peer ISPs) are called Tier 1 ISPs. Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible. Derivatives The following are not a different type of the above ISPs, rather they are derivatives of the 3 core ISP types. A VISP is reselling either access or hosting services. Free ISPs are similar, but they just have a different revenue model. Virtual ISP Main article: Virtual ISP A Virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation which purchases services from another ISP (sometimes called a â€Å"wholesale ISP† in this context)[4] which allow the VISP’s customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. Free ISP Free ISPs are Internet Service Providers (ISPs) which provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the users’ attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, often called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usually with volunteer staff. Related services * Broadband Internet access * Fixed wireless access * Cable * Triple play * Internet hosting service * Web hosting service * E-mail hosting service * DNS hosting service * Dynamic DNS How to cite Isp – Internet Service Provider, Papers

Intro to Bio Paper Essay Example For Students

Intro to Bio Paper Essay A biosphere is anywhere organisms live.1 Thus, any place on our green planet, ormicrocosms within it, is a biospheremore importantly it is the only one that we knowhow to live off. A well known fact is that our biosphere is becoming less and lesssuitable for sustaining our rapidly increasing population. Gross pollution caused byindustrialism and technological advances have seriously damaged the part of outplanets atmosphere made up of O3, most commonly referred to as Ozone. Anytime weburn coal, wood, oil, or petroleum we are releasing into our atmosphere an invisible,odorless gas, called carbon monoxide, which is eroding our atmospheres layer ofOzone.2 Methyl Bromide is another culprit in ozone thinning, this chemical is used bymost all industrialized nations as a pesticide.3 For us to continue to thrive on thisplanets surface the once unthought of ideal of zero-emissions must become a reality,An article in the March/April issue of Mother Jones entitled, Nothing Wasted,Everything gai ned discusses the ecological progress that a town in Colombia hasmade. Granted, we live in a very different world than these rural villagers do, we like tothink that our world is more complex. As of today cement covers well over one-quarterof the continuous 48 states, most of this cement is in the forms of highways, byways,and interstates. Herein lies our complexity we are a nation that is completelydependent upon oil, petroleum, and electricity comfort is mistaken for complexity. Fossil fuels are our lifes blood that facilitate our comfortable travel to and from work andschool, and all our daily busyness. This article about a zero-emissions village inColombia proves that in fact the opposite may hold true; maybe these villagers are thegenius and we are the ignorance. Cars do not spew their noxious fumes in this place ,instead villagers have bicycles that have, like most other innovations in this small villageof two hundred, been altered to facilitate travel over rough roads. For ot hers, outsidethe most wasteful nation in the world, life is a lot different. Their lives seem simple whenjuxtaposed over ours, yet they prove to be genius using not a quarter of a million dollareducation, but good old common sense. Another important step these villagers are taking is the complete removal ofozone damaging pesticides like Methyl Bromide. They have done this by growing theirvegetables and herbs hydroponically. Hydroponic growing is essentially gardeningminus the soil, roots are immersed in water and produce perfectly ripened products. Bygardening in this manner the need for pesticides is erased. This is indoor gardening thatwe could all learn to master because of its simplicity, yet a trip to the local corner storewill produce the same end result. If we are to overcome the ecological damage we havealready done we need drastic changes which include all forms of organic gardening. And since photosynthesis is the process which changes CO2 to breathable oxygen themore green plants there are the better off we are. This project began in 1971 by Paolo Lugari and, a handful of Bogota engineersand soil chemiststo try to make an unlivable place livable.4 The village, called lasGaviotas, Lugari reasoned could be a starting point towards changing the pattern ofecological existence. Little did Lugari know that one of the hottest topics for the year1998, but 27 years later, would be the scientific communities, and NASAs interest in thepopulation of Mars. Lugaris project didnt set out to change the standards of the waypopular culture operates, instead he set out to improve the living conditions of poorvillagers in an empty savanna in a third-world country using the materials at hand and alarge dose of practicality and common sense. If one has ever visited a country outsideof the major power yielding countries (i.e.. the UK, Japan) then Lugaris quest becomesever so obvious, clean malaria-free water is a privilege, truly impoverished peoples livein ran shack housing, and their immediate surroundings is th eir biosphere whichprovides them with essentials. These truly are essentials, and if these are threatened inany way then their subsistence may be in jeopardy, it seems like the villagers at lasGaviotas have come to know this. They are doing more to try to help save the planetbecause while rich suburbanites in America may be able to afford purified water andsheik sunscreen, their economic status is one that if they cannot live off the fruits of theenvironment as is, then they cant live. They are setting the example though, it ispossible, but is America ready to get off its addiction to oil? Thats a whole other story. It requires too much hard work. The people of las Gaviotas dont dress in Armani andHillfiger they work very hard at collecting pine resin to be used in cosmetics, perfumes,paints, and in medicines instead of petroleum-based substances. The worker in thepine resin processing plant at las Gaviotas doesnt make a six figure salary, but he cango home at night knowing that he has caused no ill effects to the environment. It doesntseem to me that America is ready to make that distinct switch from materialism toAt las Gaviotas the elements which provide so much potential energy have beenharnessed. Solar kettles have been developed by Lugari to sterilize drinking water;this water can then be heated using solar water heaters to use in the hydroponicgrowing systems of this village.5 Also windmills are used to convert the energy of thewinds into consumable energy. The energy potential of the sun and wind has beenknown for a while, as have the resources to build homes and automobiles using theserenewable energy resources.6 Incorporating these changes though would require thatsome of the most powerful companies loose all their money, and that isnt going tohappen. It would also require that we alter our suburban landscaped with windmills andour beautiful houses with ugly solar panels, besides well be different than our neighborsBibliography:

The Danger of Compliance Breeding Acceptance

Find MBA Case Studies From Top Business Schools

Find MBA Case Studies From Top Business Schools Many business schools use the case method to teach MBA students how to analyze business problems and develop solutions from a leadership perspective. The case method involves presenting students with case studies, also known as cases, that document a  real-life business situation or imagined business scenario. Cases typically present a problem, issue, or challenge that must be addressed or solved for a business to prosper. For example, a case might present a problem like: ABC Company needs to increase sales substantially over the next several years to attract potential buyers.U-Rent-Stuff wants to expand but is not sure whether they want to own the locations or franchise them.Ralphies BBQ, a two-person company that makes spices for BBQ products, needs to figure out how to increase production from 1,000 bottles a month to 10,000 bottles a month. As a business student. you are asked to read the case, analyze the problems that are presented, evaluate underlying issues, and present solutions that address the problem that was presented. Your analysis should include a realistic solution as well as an explanation as to why this solution is the best fit for the problem and the organizations goal. Your reasoning should be supported with evidence that has been gathered through outside research.  Finally, your analysis should include  specific strategies for accomplishing the solution you have proposed.   Where to Find MBA Case Studies The following business schools publish either abstracts or full MBA case studies online. Some of these case studies are free. Others can be downloaded and purchased for a small fee.   Harvard Business School Cases - Harvard offers thousands of case studies on every business topic imaginable.Darden Business Case Studies - Thousands of MBA case studies from the Darden Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Virginia.Stanford Case Studies - A searchable database of MBA case studies from Stanfords Graduate School of Business.Babson College Case Studies - A large collection of business case studies from the Babson faculty.IMD Case Studies - 50 years of case studies from the IMD faculty and research staff. Using Case Studies Familiarizing yourself with  case studies  is a good way to prepare for business school. This will help you familiarize yourself with various components of a case study and allow you to practice putting yourself in the role of a business owner or manager. As you are reading through cases, you should learn how to identify relevant facts and key problems. Be sure to take notes so that you have a list of items and potential solutions that can be researched when you are done reading the case. As you are developing your solutions, make a list of pros and cons for each solution, and above all, make sure the solutions are realistic.

Creative writing bio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creative writing bio - Essay Example The reason for this is that they produce the best steel in the world. After we import their steel, we produce ovens, pots and other kitchen supplies from them. I hope I will be able to succeed and take our business to the next level in future.My Learning of Other Cultures, Global Issues, and PrejudiceI have been to China, India, Kazakhstan, Romania, UAE and many other countries. My travels helped me a lot and taught me about the different cultures and the people. I liked Hong Kong more than everywhere. This may be probably because of the people who are very helpful and are always smiling and the city is so clean proper and regular. The advantage of living in Istanbul is that the people living in Istanbul are very well connected to all parts of the world because of its geographical locations. Moreover, Istanbul is now a blend of different ethnicities and I am very proud of it. I am very open-minded and I do not possess any prejudice against any nation. I actually believe that no count ry has progressed by being prejudiced. Prejudice and discrimination is something, which I am against of always. This is because the irrational attitude and opinions about one group towards other always lead to no progress. The negative prejudices can harm an individual and may even stop the individual from providing best of his own ability. I have a very open minded towards all people and countries of the world. I think that people can progress only when they work together towards their combined success.

Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Power Distance between America and Brazil Essay

Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Power Distance between America and Brazil - Essay Example Since Brazil’s culture is ultimately high in power distance, bureaucracy is of high importance giving much more power to whom or which authority is found. For instance, religious and spiritual practices in Brazil contribute to the kind of order in governance and socio-politics in the country and further influence power distribution (Garmany, 2010). This means that the majority would find it important not to oppose decisions of religious leaders. On the contrary, in the US, one could expect autocracy, as there is a high sense of giving everyone freedom to express oneself. The very proof is the implementation of same-sex marriage from some states; a manifestation that the country may potentially disregard some powerful views on governance and socio-political issues and that there is a strong urge to demand more for self-expression (Sherkat et al., 2011). Therefore, demanding for self-expression in the US at some point may not be that effective within the bound of cultural orientation in Brazil based on Hofstede’s theory of power distance. Loyalty and favoritism are among the common manifestations in Brazil leading to the point that whoever is in power deserves to have these (Evans et al., 2008). Thus, Brazil remarkably would require respect prominent voices in the society. As a result, in this country and within almost every organization, it is from the higher rank which both idea and decision usually would come from, while it might not be necessarily the case in the US. In the US, everyone, provided having a good point, could freely express opinions and ideas and implement significant actions for the benefit of the country or organization. In fact, in the US, prominent public figures are not exempted from the law, showing no favoritism on their part.  Ã‚  

Bargaining Power Of Suppliers

Bargaining Power Of Suppliers This report serves a number of major purposes. First of all, it seeks to understand the development of Information Systems IS/ Information Technology IT theory. Secondly, it narrows the scope to enterprise value chain to evaluate the current practice in this area. Finally, it seeks to evaluate and analyze the future of the companies studied in relation to IS/ IT. 1.2 Definition of Key Concepts The terms e-business and e-commerce are often used interchangeably but they do not mean the same thing. E-commerce means using IT to buy and sell goods and services. E-business is a broader term, covering not just goods and services exchanges, but also all forms of business conducted using electronic transmission of data and information. E-business began when customers and suppliers recognized the advantages of exchanging documents such as purchase orders and invoices electronically, rather than through the postal service. This electronic data interchange EDI could speed ordering and fulfillment dramatically. The advent of the internet allowed businesses, organizations, and individuals to publish World Wide Web pages and communicate to broader audiences. At first, web pages were mirrors of paper documents. But as they increased in sophistication, users recognized that there were things that they could do with Web pages that were not possible with paper media. As internet usage and Web development evolved, managers learned to take advantage of the internets unique nature in many ways. For example, retailers realized changing the price of an item required a few key strokes on the internet versus reprinting promotional materials and price lists in an offline environment. The transparency of the internet, or the ability for mass instantaneous sharing of information also created an almost perfectly efficient marketplace for goods and services. The next stage in the evolution of e-business was to distribute its use throughout an organization. This came in the form of intranets. Businesses created these internal internets to allow employees to communicate with one another and exchange information. Once enterprises mastered internal communication through their intranets, they turned outwards. The link to customers occurred early on. The rest of the supply chain linkage took place in the next stage of the evolution as businesses began expanding on their connection to suppliers, customers and distributors. These included adding supply chain management and customer relationship management functionality. Portals allowed customers and suppliers to link more closely with an enterprise. The current state of e-business is really c-business where the c stands for collaborative. In c-business, the boundaries among enterprises become blurred. Businesses up and down the supply chain work together to achieve objectives that maximize profitability for all of them. 1.3 Overview of the Report Section 1: Introduction Objective of the report Definition of key concepts Overview of the report Section 2: Review of Literature 2.1 Literature review 2.2 General theory 2.3 Research area 2.4 Rationale 2.5 Importance of research area 2.6 Example of e-business application Section 3: Case Analysis 3.1 Case Study 1 3.2 Case Study 2 3.3 Case Study 3 Section 4: Evaluation of the Cases 4.1 Comparison 4.2 Recommendation Section 5 Executive Summary SECTION 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Literature Review IT/ IS has been used by companies for over forty years. Initially, their usage was primitive by todays standards, but over time, improvements in computer technology have rendered IS/ IT to be an integral part of the business. Yet, the study of IS/ IT in relation to management is a somewhat recent discipline. Initial research on IT/ IS tended to be more descriptive than empirical since the basic models that are currently used were not yet formulated. These research papers also tended to be overly optimistic about the future of IT/ IS in terms of the benefits they bring to business enterprises. Later on, research in the area took on a more balanced tone as the limitations of IS/ IT were also highlighted. It has also during this time than various strategic management models were incorporated into the framework for IS/ IT. 2.2 General Theory Now let us examine three theories that relate to e-business. 2.2.1 Porters Five Forces According to Michael Porter (1990), an industry is influenced by five major forces and he developed this idea into a comprehensive model. Termed the Five Forces Model, it has greatly influenced strategic management thinking for the past two decades. These five forces are the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers, the new entrants, the threat of substitutes, and rivalry. Bargaining Power of Buyers The bargaining power of buyers refers to the influence consumers have on an industry. Generally, if consumers have very high bargaining power, there are many suppliers competing for a very limited number of buyers (Porter, 1990). As a result, it is the buyer who will dictate the price of goods and services. Buyers have greater power when there are few of them and they command a significant market share, or when they purchase a sizeable proportion of the goods produced in an industry (David, 2009). Also, buyers are powerful when they can threaten to buy products from rival firms. This is called backward integration (Griffin, 2001). On the other hand, buyers are weak if manufacturers threaten forward integration in which the manufacturers take over the distribution and retailing channels (Eitman et al, 2007). Buyers are also in a weak position if there is great difficulty in switching to alternative products and switching costs are high. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The second force is the bargaining power of suppliers (Porter, 1990). All companies that manufacture goods need to obtain raw materials from external parties or suppliers. Hence, it is imperative that companies establish good relationships with their suppliers so as to get favourable prices and a steady supply of raw material. Yet, the supplier-manufacturer relationship is rarely one of equals (Griffin, 2001). Normally, one party has the upper hand. Suppliers have greater bargaining power if there are few of them so they can dictate terms to the customers who are at their mercy (David, 2009). Threat of New Entrants The third force is the threat of new entrants (Porter, 1990). New entrants to a market can seriously affect the market share of existing members and this is a constant source of anxiety for companies. In an ideal free market system, a company can enter and exit a market with the greatest ease and that profits will be nominal. However, in the real world, there are numerous barriers to entry, some of which are the result of economics, while others are the outcome of government intervention (Rugman and Hodgetts, 1995). Threat of Substitutes The fourth is the threat of substitutes, which refers to products in other industries (Porter, 1990). If the costs of the products in a particular industry are too high, customers might switch to products in other industries. Price is not the only variable but changes in technology have the potential to make users flock to rivals (David, 2009). Rivalry Among Firms The final force in Porters framework is rivalry among firms (Porter, 1990). Rivalry is very high when there are a large number of firms in a saturated market, high fixed costs, high storage costs and low switching costs (Barney, 2007). According to Porter, an enterprise can adopt one of four strategies to deal with the five forces in its industry. They are cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus and focused differentiation. IT can assist a firm in achieving these strategies. For example, to attain low cost, the company can adopt production engineering systems whereas to achieve differentiation, it can use computer aided design. 2.2.2 Value Chain The value chain is defined as a sequence of activities that should contribute more to the ultimate value of the product than to its costs. Products produced by an organization rely on different activities of the organization and use different resources along the value chain depending on their specifications. Essentially, all products flow through the value chain, which begins with research, development and engineering and then moves through manufacturing and continues on to customers. The companys value chain is used to identify opportunities that give competitive advantage. Basically, there are two broad categories of a firms activities. They are primary activities, consisting of the creation, marketing and delivery of products and support activities which provide support for primary activities. IT is used to transform the way value activities are conducted and to improve linkages throughout the value chain to give the company greater flexibility. According to Porter and Miller 1985, IT plays a strategic role in an industry that has high information intensity in the product and value chain itself. 2.2.3 Scott Mortons Model Morton improvises and refines Porters model. Morton asserts that the five forces that influence an organizations objectives are its structure, management processes, individuals and roles, technology and strategy. These in turn contribute to five levels of IT-induced reconfiguration. At the lower degree of business transformation, they are termed evolutionary levels. At the lowest level, there is localized exploitation in which the main objectives are domestic effectiveness and efficiency. At level two, there is internal integration between different applications and systems. Cooperation and coordination enhance efficiency and effectiveness here. At a higher degree of business transformation, they are termed revolutionary levels. Level three involves business process redesign which consists of a rigorous change in the company value chain. Level four concerns business network redesign for the reconfiguration of the tasks and scopes of the enterprise network involved in the creation and delivery of products and services. The final and highest level is business scope redefinition in which there is a migration of functions across the companys borders that ultimately change the very nature of the business. 2.3 Research Area This paper focuses on the enterprise value chain of three very different companies. They are Tupperware, Toyota and Facebook. 2.4 Rationale The rationale for the selection of these three companies is to explain how e-business is applied to different industries. Tupperware is a well known manufacturer of high quality plastic containers, Toyota is the worlds largest car maker and Facebook is the biggest online social network site on earth. They are all very different businesses, yet they share one thing in common the usage of e-business in their value chain. The degree of success each business experiences through e-business vis-Ã  -vis their value chain will be discussed in the analysis section. 2.5 Importance of Research Area E-business has become an integral part of the modern corporation and is a means of achieving competitive advantage. Besides that, it also creates opportunities for many third party services. For these reasons, it is vital to critically examine what exactly e-business can do for an enterprise. To demonstrate, the following SWOT analysis is done: 2.5.1 Strengths Around the clock business operation Convenient, fast and effective Global outreach Lower operation cost Lower initial investment 2.5.2 Weaknesses No direct interaction between buyer and seller Low customer penetration 2.5.3 Opportunities The number of people using the internet is increasing daily Over time, people will grow accustomed to doing transactions online 2.5.4 Threats Considerable risks such as privacy issues, security concerns, transaction processing and business policy issues. 2.6 Examples of e-business Applications There are many examples of e-business applications, the most common being EDI which is the computer-to-computer exchange of business documents. Another example is in collaborative commerce. For example, airlines have partnered to create Orbitz, an online travel service that searches the partner airline database for flights. The site also allows users to purchase hotel rooms, rent cars and other services. SECTION 3: CASE ANALYSIS 3.1 Case Study 1: Tupperware Tupperware is a multi-billion dollar United States based manufacturer of plastic food storage containers that has a presence in over 100 countries worldwide. Recently, the company altered its distribution model to a multilevel compensation structure. This inevitably increased the volume of paperwork faced by multilevel sales consultants who found less time to do actual sales. In addition, the order entry system was insufficient to cope with peak sales demands. To overcome these problems, the company implemented MyTupperware which is a web-based order management system. The first problem was solved because the task of entering orders was shifted from distributors to sales consultants. The second problem was solved because the integrated and streamlined communications between the relevant parties and provided better support in the promotion and sales of products. 3.2 Case Study 2: Toyota From its humble beginnings in Japan, Toyota Motors emerged as the worlds largest and most profitable car maker in April 2007. It accomplished this major feat through unparalleled excellence in its production process, and indeed throughout its entire value chain. Central to this success was the Toyota Production System TPS. Initially, Toyota faced the same problems as other automobile makers including slow product design time, uneven quality of production, wastage and obsolescence. These factors hampered the companys ability to achieve competitive advantage. Consequently, Toyota critically examined its strengths weaknesses, though not in the way Western companies do. Toyota adopted the Japanese approach of kaizen, which is a philosophy of continuous improvement by eliminating wastage. By harnessing the power of IS/ IT in its e-business, the company created the TPS as a means to achieve competitive advantage. Consequently, the company achieved tremendous success and its manufacturing process was deemed the gold standard in quality manufacturing at low cost. Unfortunately, this was not to last. In the last two years, Toyota suffered its worst catastrophe in years. Cars produced by its U.S. plant suffered from faulty brakes and there were defects in cars produced by other plants. Consequently, the company made a massive recall, which seriously eroded the reputation of the company. Perhaps the company overextended itself or was lulled into a false sense of complacency. Regardless, the much vaunted TPS has come under scrutiny as people question how a system that was deemed close to perfection could cause such egregious errors. It remains to be seen how Toyota will remedy the situation. 3.3 Case Study 3: Facebook By now, the story of Facebooks founding is well known, thanks to a number of books and the Hollywood movie The Social Network. A Harvard student named Mark Zuckerberg founded the site in 2004 as an online social network for Harvard students before establishing it as a company. Though there are other online social network sites, the secret to Facebooks success lies not just in the features it provides, but the clear user interface which makes it appealing and easy to use. From its humble origins, Facebook has now over 500 million users and has been valued at US50 billion. While the company is phenomenally successful, it is constantly plagued by issues concerning its privacy. Since Facebooks business model is such that it does not charge users for the services it provides, its source of revenue comes from advertising and data mining. This has led to repeated concerns about the violation of users privacy by selling their personal information to advertising companies who publicly share such private information. In addition, there are concerns that users private information is accessible to the public with very dangerous consequences like identity theft. One major error that Facebook made was its Beacon advertising service which informed users when their friends made purchases and were involved in other activities outside of Facebook. Users did not agree to share this information and this caused a public backlash and the company had to rescind the service. Similarly, when Facebook launched its news feed feature, users baulked at the infringement of privacy. They did not want Facebook to post updates whenever they updated their profile, added friends or changed their settings. However, Zuckerberg addressed this problem much better by making a public apology and explaining the merits of this system. While some users were still resistant, the explanation won over many and today, the news feed is one of Facebooks most popular services and is emulated by other online social network sites. A third problem Facebook has is the handling of users personal information when they want to delete their profiles. Unlike other network sites, Facebook made it almost impossible for users to delete their accounts and copies of their personal information were stored indefinitely. This caused a backlash and Facebook has since made it much easier for users to delete their accounts. SECTION 4: EVALUATION OF CASES Case Security Ease of using site Transparency Effectiveness of e-business Case 1 High Average Low Highly effective Case 2 High Average Moderate Highly effective Case 3 Moderate Easy High Highly effective 4.1 Comparison Overall, it appears that of the three, Facebook has been the most successful in applying e-business since its entire business model is based on it. The other two are examples of traditional firms that employ e-business to improve their value chain. Tupperware uses the least extensive form of e-business as it is confined to its sales and after sales services rather than the manufacturing process. Toyota uses e-business extensively throughout its value chain as can be seen in the TPS. However, recent developments indicate that its e-business application may not be as successful as was previously thought. Hence, Facebook is the most successful of the three in harnessing e-business to gain competitive advantage though it must be reminded here that the company still struggles with some security issues. 4.2 Recommendation It is recommended that Tupperware uses e-business more extensively throughout its value chain to include the planning and design and manufacturing process. Toyota should reevaluate its TPS to identify weaknesses in the current system and improve them. Facebook on the other hand should use e-business to gather more feedback from its customers about its services, particularly privacy issues and take them seriously.

Analysis of Cloud Computing Architectures

Laptops, PDA, and Smoothness's). Computational power and battery life s one of the major issues of these mobile devices. To overcome these problems clones of mobile devices are created on cloud servers. In this paper, we define clone cloud architecture and brutalized screen architecture in cloud computing. Clone Cloud is for the seamless use of ambient computation to augment mobile device applications, making them fast and energy efficient and in a Brutalized Screen; screen rendering is done in the cloud and delivered as images to the client for interactive display.This enables thin-client mobile devices to enjoy many computationally intensive and graphically rich services. Keywords: Cloud Computing, Service Models, Clone Cloud, Brutalized Screen l. Introduction Cloud Computing has been one of the most booming technology among the professional of Information Technology and also the Business due to its Elasticity in the space occupation and also the better support for the software and the Infrastructure it attracts more technology specialist towards it.Cloud plays the vital role in the Smart Economy, and the possible regulatory changes required in implementing better Applications by using the potential of Cloud The main advantage of the cloud is that it gives the low cost implementation for infrastructure and some higher business units like Google, MM, and Microsoft offer the cloud for Free of cost for the Education system, so it can be used in right way which will provide high quality education [3]. A.Cloud Computing Service Models Cloud computing can be classified by the model of service it offers into one of three different groups. These will be described using the AAAS taxonomy, first used by Scott Maxwell in 2006, where â€Å"X† is Software, Platform, or Infrastructure, and the final â€Å"S† is for Service. It is important to note, as shown in Figure, that AAAS is built on Pass, and the latter on alas. Hence, this is not an excluding approach to classification, but rather it concerns the level of the service provided.Each of these service models is described in the following subsection. [pick] Fig. 1 Cloud computing Architecture 1) alas (Infrastructure as a Service): The capability provided to the customer of alas is raw storage space, computing, or network resources with which the customer can run and execute an operating system, applications, or any software that they choose. The most basic cloud service is alas [7]. In this service, cloud providers offer computers as physical or as virtual machines and other resources. Pass (Platform as a Service): In the case of Pass, the cloud provider not only provides the hardware, but they also provide a toolkit and a number of supported programming languages to build higher level services. The users of Pass are typically software developers who host their applications on the platform and provide these applications to the end-users. In this service, cloud providers deliver a com puting platform including operating system, programming languages execution environment, database and web servers. ) AAAS (Software as a Service): The AAAS customer is an end-user of complete applications running on a cloud infrastructure and offered on a platform on-demand. The applications are typically accessible through a thin client interface, such as a web browser. In this service, cloud providers install and operate application software in the cloud and cloud users access the software from cloud clients. This service is based on the concept of renting software from a service provider rather than buying it.It is currently the most popular type of cloud computing because of its high flexibility, great services, enhanced capability and less maintenance. B. Deployment Models Clouds can also be classified based upon the underlying infrastructure deployment del as Public, Private, Community, or Hybrid clouds. The different infrastructure deployment models are distinguishing by thei r architecture, the location of the data center where the cloud is realized, and the needs of the cloud provider's customers [4]. Several technologies are related to cloud computing, and the cloud has emerged as a convergence of several computing trends. ) Types of Cloud Computing Environments: The cloud computing environment can consist of multiple types of clouds based on their deployment and usage [6]. Public Clouds This environment can be used by the general public. This includes individuals, corporations and other types of organizations. Typically, public clouds are administrated by third parties or vendors over the Internet, and services are offered on pay-per-use basis. These are also called provider clouds. Private Clouds A pure private cloud is built for the exclusive use of one customer, who owns and fully controls this cloud.Additionally, there are variations of this in terms of ownership, operation, etc. The fact that the cloud is used by a specific customer is the disti nguishing feature of any private cloud. This cloud computing environment sides within the boundaries of an organization and is used exclusively for the organization's benefits. These are also called internal clouds. Community Clouds When several customers have similar requirements, they can share an infrastructure and might share the configuration and management of the cloud.Hybrid Clouds Finally, any composition of clouds, be they private or public, could form a hybrid cloud and be managed a single entity, provided that there is sufficient commonality between the standards used by the constituent clouds. II. AUGMENTED EXECUTION OF SMART PHONES USING CLONE CLOUDS B Chunk,[10] introduce the concept of clone cloud. The idea of introducing this concept is to improving the performance of hardware limited smart phones by using their proposed clone cloud architecture.The core method is using virtual machine migration technology to offload execution blocks of applications from mobile devic es to Clone Cloud. Clone Cloud boosts unmodified mobile applications by off-loading the right portion of their execution onto device clones operating in a computational cloud. Conceptually, our system automatically transforms a single-machine execution (e. G. , computation on a smart phone) into a distributed execution optimized for the outwork connection to the cloud, the processing capabilities of the device and cloud, and the application's computing patterns.The underlying motivation for Clone Cloud lies in the following intuition: as long as execution on the clone cloud is significantly faster than execution on the mobile device (or more reliable, more secure, etc. ), paying the cost for sending the relevant data and code from the device to the cloud and back may be worth it [9]. Ill. CLONE CLOUD ARCHITECTURE The design goal for Clone Cloud is to allow such fine-grained flexibility on what to run where. Another design goal is to take the programmer out of the business of applica tion partitioning [10].In a Clone Cloud system, the ‘Clone' is a mirror image of a Semaphore running on a virtual machine. By contrast with smart phones, such a ‘clone' has more hardware, software, network, energy resources in a virtual machine which provides more suitable environment to process complicated tasks. In the diagram, a task in smart phone is divided into 5 different execution blocks (we mark them as different colors), and the smart phone is cloned (brutalized) as an image in distributed computing environment. Then the image passes some computing or energy-intensive blocks (the Green blocks) to cloud for processing.Once those execution blocks have been completed, the output will be passed from Clone Cloud to the Semaphore [11]. [pick] Fig. 2 Clone Cloud Architecture A major advantage of the Clone Cloud is enhanced smart phones performance. Bung takes a test by implementing a face tracking application in a smart phone with and without Clone Cloud. The result s hows that only 1 second is spent in Clone Cloud environment but almost 100 seconds in the smart phone without Clone Cloud. Another advantage of Clone Cloud is reduced battery consumption as smart phones o not use its CPU as frequently.The disadvantages of Clone Cloud are handover delay, bandwidth limitation. As we know that the speed of data transmission between smart phones and base station is not consistent (according to the situation), therefore, the Clone Cloud will be unavailable if mobile users walk in the signal's blind zone. A. Evaluation of Applications To evaluate the Clone Cloud Prototype, Bung-Goon Chunk [10] implemented three applications. We ran those applications either on a phone?a status quo, monolithic execution?or by optimally partitioning for two settings: one with Wi-If connectivity and one with 36.We implemented a virus scanner, image search, and privacy- preserving targeted advertising. The virus scanner scans the contents of the phone file system against a li brary of 1000 virus signatures, one file at a time. We vary the size of the file system between KBPS and 10 MBA. The image search application finds all faces in images stored on the phone, using a face-detection library that returns the mid-point between the eyes, the distance in between, and the pose of detected faces.We only use images smaller than KBPS, due to memory limitations of the Android face-detection library. We vary the number of images from 1 to 100. The privacy-preserving targeted- advertising application uses behavioral tracking across websites to infer the user's preferences, and selects ads according to a resulting model; by doing this tracking at the user's device, privacy can be protected. 1) Time Save Fig. 3 Mean execution times of virus scanning (VS.), image search (IS), and behavior profiling (BP) applications with standard deviation error bars, three input sizes for each.For each application and input size, the data shown include execution time at the phone al one, that of Clone Cloud with Wi-If (C-Wi-If), and that of Clone Cloud tit 36 (C-G). The partition choice is annotated with M for â€Å"monolithic† and O for â€Å"off-loaded,† also indicating the relative improvement from the phone alone execution 2) Energy Save Fig. 4 Mean phone energy consumption of virus scanning (VS.), image search (IS), and behavior profiling (BP) applications with standard deviation error bars, three input sizes for each.For each application and input size, the data shown include execution time at the phone alone, that of Clone Cloud with Wi-If (C-Wi-If), and that of Clone Cloud with 36 (C-G). The partition choice is annotated with M for â€Å"monolithic† and O for â€Å"off-loaded,† also indicating relative improvement over phone only execution. Fig. 3 and 4 shows execution times and phone energy consumption for the three applications, respectively. All measurements are the average of five runs. Each graph shows Phone, Clone Cloud with Wi-If (C-Wi-If), and Clone Cloud with 36 (C-G).C- Wi-If and C-G results are annotated with the relative improvement and the partitioning choice, whether the optimal partition was to run monolithically on the phone (M) or to off-load to the cloud (O). In the experiments, Wi-If had latency of moms and bandwidth of 6. Mbps, and 36 had latency of mass, and bandwidth of 0. Mbps. Clone Cloud chooses to keep local the smallest workloads from each application, deciding to off-load 6 out of 9 experiments with Wi-If. With 36, out of all 9 experiments, Clone Cloud chose to off-load 5 experiments.For off-loaded cases, each application chooses to offload the function that performs core computation from its worker thread: scanning files for virus signature matching for VS., performing image processing for IS, and computing similarities for BP. C Wi-If exhibits significant speed-ups and energy savings: xx, xx, and lox speed-up, and xx, xx, and xx less energy for the largest workload of each of the three applications, with a completely automatic modification of the application binary without programmer input.A clear trend is that larger workloads benefit from off-loading more: this is due to amortization of the migration cost over a larger computation at the clone that receives a significant speedup. A secondary trend is that energy consumption mostly follows execution time: unless the phone switches to a deep sleep state while the application is off-loaded at the clone, its energy expenditure is proportional to how long it is waiting for a response. When the user runs a single application at a time, deeper sleep of the phone may further increase observed energy savings.We note that one exception is C-G, where although execution time decreases, energy consumption increases slightly for behavior profiling with depth 4. We believe this is due to our coarse energy cost model, and only occurs for close decisions. C-G also exhibits xx, xx, and xx speed-up, and xx, xx, and xx less energy for the largest workload of each of the three applications. Lower gains can be explained given the overhead differences between Wi-If and 36 networks. As a result, whereas gyration costs about 15-25 seconds with Wi-If, it shoots up to 40-50 seconds with 36, due to the greater latency and lower bandwidth.In both cases, migration costs include a network-unspecific thread-merge cost? patching up references in the running address space from the migrated thread?and the network-specific transmission of the thread state. The former dominates the latter for Wife, but is dominated by the latter for 36. Our current implementation uses the DEFLATE compression algorithm to reduce the amount of data to send; we expect off-loading benefits to improve with other optimizations targeting the network overheads (in reticular, 36 network overheads) such as redundant transmission elimination.B. Problem in Clone Cloud The disadvantages of Clone Cloud are [1 1] handover delay, bandwidth limit ation. As we know that the speed of data transmission between Semaphore and base station is not consistent (according to the situation), therefore, the Clone Cloud will be unavailable if mobile users walk in the signal's blind zone. Offloading all applications from Semaphore to the cloud cannot be Justified for power consumption, especially for some lightweight applications which are suitable to be deployed in local smart phones. V.BRUTALIZED SCREEN Screen rendering [1 3] can also be moved to the cloud and the rendered screen can be delivered as part of the cloud services. In general, the screen represents the whole or part of the display images. In a broad sense, it also represents a collection of data involved in user interfaces such as display images, audio data, mouse, keyboard, pen and touch inputs, and other multiplicity inputs and outputs. Screen fertilization and screen rendering in the cloud doesn't always mean putting the entire screen-rendering task in the cloud.Depending on the actual situations?such s local processing power, bandwidth and delay of the network, data dependency and data traffic, and display resolution?screen rendering can be partially done in the cloud and partially done at the clients. A. Screen Fertilization Fig. 5 The Conceptual diagram of the cloud client computing architecture. Rendering a screen in the cloud also introduces obstacles for the client devices to access the virtual screen, if it needs to maintain high-fidelity display images and responsive user interactions.Fortunately, we have already developed a number of advanced multimedia and networking technologies to address these issues. Ultimately, we would like to define a common cloud API for cloud computing with scalable screen fertilization, with which the developers never have to care where the data storage, program execution, and screen rendering actually occur because the cloud services for the API will adaptively and optimally distribute the storage, execution, an d rending among the cloud and the clients. B.Remote Computing With Brutalized Screen The cloud-computing conceptual architecture depicted in Fig 5, we have developed a thin-client, remote-computing system that leverages interactive screen-removing cosmologies. Thin-client, remote-computing systems are expected to provide high- fidelity displays and responsive interactions to end users as if they were using local machines. However, the complicated graphical interfaces and multimedia applications usually present technical challenges to thin-client developers for achieving efficient transmissions with relatively low bandwidth links.Figure depicts the proposed thin-client, remote-computing Fig. 6 The interactive screen removing system System, which decouples the application logic (remote) and the user interface local) for clients to use remote servers deployed as virtual machines in the cloud. The servers and the clients communicate with each other over a network through an interactive screen-removing mechanism. The clients send user inputs to the remote servers, and the servers return screen updates to the clients as a response.

Detailed Description of the Qualifications Essay

Full Day Care This is a structured care service where children attend for more than 5 hours per day and which may include a sessional pre-school service for pre-school children not attending the full day care service. Providers typically care for children from 3 months to 6 years. Some services may also include an after-school facility, typically for children from 4 to 12 years of age. In full day care, sleeping arrangements and food preparation must meet standards laid down by the Health Service Executive (HSE) and the Child Care(Pre-school Services) Regulations 2006. Providers include day nurseries and crà ¨ches. These services mainly meet the needs of parents who are involved in work, education and training and cater for the broadest age group of children. Full Day Care provisions can be private or community based. Structures can be based on voluntary boards of management, limited companies, private ownership or companies with investors. Childcare Assistant Childcare assistants must hold a certificate for a major award in childcare/ early education at a minimum of level 5 on the National Framework of Qualification (NFQ) of Ireland or an equivalent nationally recognised qualification.The minimum qualification under the ECCE Scheme is a full FETAC Level 5 ( previously NCVA level 2) award or equivalent on the National Framework of Qualifications. Childcare assistants work under supervision and within the line management system of the childcare service. Desirable levels of experience range from 1 to 2 years relevant experience in childcare post qualification. Childcare assistants work together with other childcare staff to ensure safety and well-being of the children in their care and to implement and adhere to the standards and policies laid down by management and the Child Care( Pre-School Services) Regulations 2006. Childcare assistants have a clear understanding of the Child Protection Policy of the childcare service and participate in its implementation. Childcare assistants are responsible for ensuring that activities in each session allow the children to experience creative,  imaginative, physical, social and cognitive play. Childcare assistants require an excellent knowledge of child development and record the progress of each child on daily basis. Childcare assistants require excellent communication skills in dealing with children and parents and to participate in a team. Childcare assistant have to know Aistear as it helps them plan for and provide enjoyable and challenging learning experiences, so that the children who have access to this curriculum can grow and develop into competent learners who have loving relationships with others. Childcare assistants have to use Siolta in conjunction with the Aistear curriculum framework. Childcare assistants are required to treat all information they receive with the strictest confidence and professionalism. The job requires a high level of physical activity. Childcare assistants are required to attend regular meetings to discuss curriculum, activities and child development. They are also required to attend relevant training courses and childcare network meetings on an ongoing basis.

Salomon v A Salomon Co Ltd (1897) AC 22 - Case Law Analysis

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1206 Downloads: 23 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Best Score Essay Type Case study Level High school Did you like this example? Case Analysis Salomon v. A Salomon Co. (1897) AC 22 This is the foundational case and precedence for the doctrine of corporate personality and the judicial guide to lifting the corporate veil. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Salomon v A Salomon Co Ltd (1897) AC 22 Case Law Analysis" essay for you Create order The doctrine of separate legal entity was originated from this case. The House of Lords in the  Salomon case  affirmed the legal principle that, upon incorporation, a company is generally considered to be a new legal entity separate from its shareholders. The court did this in relation to what was essentially a one person Company. A company registered under the Acts is an artificial legal entity separate and apart from the members of which it is composed. These become basic principle of company law which has several important consequences, it become helpful for the member it mitigate the liability of them.The principle from the case is very simple a company is a separate legal entity and thus a juristic person in the eyes of the law. Salomon was a boot and Shoe manufacturer. His business was sound condition and there was a surplus assets over the liabilities .He incorporated a company named, Salomon Co Ltd for the purpose of taking over and carrying on his business. The seve n subscribers to the memorandum were Salomon, his wife his daughter and his four son and they remained the only member of the company. Salomon and his two sons make the board of director; the business of Solomon was transferred to the company for  £40,000. Mr. Solomon took his payment by shares and a debenture or debt of  £10,000. Mr Salomon owned 20,000 each  £1 shares, these debentures certified that the company owned Salomon  £10,000 and created charge on company assets. Within one years the company went into liquidation, after paying of the debenture nothing would be left for the unsecured creditors. The unsecured creditor contended that, the company never had independent existence it was in fact Solomon under another name. He was managing director, the other director is his son and in this way company was fully under the control of Salomon, and the company was mere sham and fraud. But it was held that Salomon Co Ltd was a real company fulfilling all the legal requireme nt it must be treated as a company, as an entity consisting of certain corporater, but a distinct and independent corporation. House of Lords observed When the memorandum is duly signed and registered, though there be only seven shares taken, the subscribers are a body corporate capable forthwith, to use the words of the enactment, of exercising all the functions of an incorporated company. The company attains maturity on its birth. There is no period of minority no interval of incapacity. I cannot understand how a body corporate thus made capable by statute can lose its individuality by issuing the bulk of its capital to one person, whether he be a subscriber to the memorandum or not. The company is at law a different person altogether from the subscribers to the memorandum; and, though it may be that after incorporation the business is precisely the same as it was before, and the same persons are managers, and the same hands receive the profits, the company is not in law the agent of the subscribers or trustee for them. Nor are the subscribers as members liable, in any shape or form, except to the extent and in the manner prov ided by the Act. That is, I think, the declared intention of the enactment. If the view of the learned judge were sound, it would follow that no common law partnership could register as a company limited by shares without remaining subject to unlimited liability. Impact of case Before Salomon decision in 1897, the courts have often been called upon to apply the principle of separate legal personality. But there was uncertainty about application of these principles in some cases, the principle was upheld and in some others it was not. For centuries, there was a controversy over the applicability of the doctrine of separate legal entity and further to limit the theory of limited liability which is often metaphorically termed as lifting the corporate veil. After this case Law recognizes a corporation as a separate legal entity. This principle is referred to as the veil of incorporation. Salomons case established beyond doubt that in law a registered company is an entity distinct from its members, even if the person hold all the shares in the company. There is no difference in principle between a company consisting of only two shareholders and a company consisting of two hundred members. In each case the company is a separate legal entity. Lifting of corporate Veil Doctrine is also derivative from Separate legal personality concept. After Salomon case there are numerous case come into existence. In  Macaura v. Northern Assurance Co. Ltd. The House of Lords decided that insurers were not liable under a contract of insurance on property that was insured by the plaintiff and owned by a company in which the plaintiff held all the fully-paid shares. In this case House of Lords also affirm the separate legal personality of the company and The House of Lords held that only the company as the separate legal owner of the property, and not the plaintiff, had the required insurable interest. The plaintiff, being a shareholder, did not have any legal or beneficial int erest in that property merely because of his shareholding. In  Lee v. Lees Air Farming the Privy Council held that Lee, as a separate and distinct entity from the company which he controlled, could be an employee of that company so that Lees wife could claim workers compensation following her husbands death. Salomon case put huge impact over Indian law as most of the provisions of Indian Law were taken from the English Law, Salomons case used as judicial milestone in Indian company cases. The Supreme Court in Tata Engineering Locomotive Co. Ltd v. State of Bihar othrs (1964) stated: the corporation in law is equal to a natural person and has a legal entity of its own. The entity of corporation is entirely separate from that of its shareholders; it bears its own names and has seal of its own; its assets are separate and distinct from those of its members; the liability of the members of the shareholders is limited to the capital invested by them; similarly, the creditors of the members have no right to the assets of the corporation. In LIC of India v. Escorts Ltd (1986), Justice O.Chinnapa Reddy had stressed that the corporate veil should be lifted where the associated companies are inextricably connected as to be in reality, part of one concern. Furthermore in State of UP v. Renusagar Power Company, the Supreme court lifted the veil and held that Hindalco, the holding company and its subsidiary, Renusagar company should be treated as one concern and that the Power Plant of Renusagar must be treated as the own source of generation of Hindalco and on that basis, Hindalco would be liable to pay the electric duty. In the Bhopal Gas leak disaster case, the lifting of corporate veil has become so helpful. After the decision in Renusagar case, the doctrine has been considered in several other cases.